Get viagra

During the late 16th and 17th centuries in France, male impotence was considered a crime, as well as legal grounds for a divorce. The practice, which involved inspection of the complainants by court experts, was declared obscene in 1677. can you buy viagra online forum buy viagra online Surgery for erectile dysfunction. Implantable devices, known as prostheses, can cause erections in many men with impotence. Malleable implants usually consist of paired rods, which are inserted surgically into the corpora cavernosa, the twin chambers running the length of the penis. The user manually adjusts the position of the penis and, therefore, the rods. Adjustment does not affect the width or length of the penis. buy cheap viagra online usa buy viagra online How Common Is Erectile Dysfunction? A much more common problem that affects the majority of men at some point in their life is the occasional failure to achieve an erection, which can occur for a variety of reasons, such as from drinking too much alcohol or from being extremely tired. How Is Male Sexual Dysfunction Treated? Many cases of sexual dysfunction can be corrected by treating the underlying physical or psychological problems. Treatment strategies may include the following: Mechanical aids: Aids such as vacuum devices and penile implants may help men with erectile dysfunction. Get viagra kamagra for sale online kamagra online pills How effective is tadalafil (Cialis)? The safety and efficacy of tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction was evaluated in 22 clinical trials involving more than 4,000 men. Seven of these trials were randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled studies of 12 weeks' duration. Two of these studies (involving 402 men) were conducted in the United States, and the other five studies (involving 1,112 men) were conducted outside the United states. Two of these trials were conducted in special populations with erectile dysfunction; one in men with diabetes mellitus, another in men who developed erectile dysfunction after nerve-sparing prostate cancer surgery. How Is Male Sexual Dysfunction Treated? Many cases of sexual dysfunction can be corrected by treating the underlying physical or psychological problems. Treatment strategies may include the following: Psychological therapy: Therapy with a trained counselor can help a person address feelings of anxiety, fear, or guilt that may have an impact on sexual function. How should vardenafil (Levitra) be administered? The recommended starting dose of vardenafil is 10 mg taken orally approximately one hour before sexual activity. The dose may be adjusted higher or lower depending on efficacy and side effects. The maximum recommended dose is 20 mg, and the maximum recommended dosing frequency is no more than once per day. Vardenafil can be taken with or without food.

Get viagra

Get viagra

A protection of a layout-design of an integrated circuit is now available in Thailand pursuant to the Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits Protection Act B.E. 2543 (A.D. 2000). This Act was published in the Government Gazette on May 12, 2000 and became effective on August 10, 2000.

Layout-Designs Eligible for Protection
 
Layout-designs eligible for protection are as follows:
  1. a layout-design which has originally been created by the creator and is not common- place in the integrated circuit industry; or
  2. a layout-design which has been created by combining elements, interconnections of layout-designs or integrated circuits that are commonplace in the integrated circuit industry in a manner of resulting in the layout-design which is not commonplace in such industry.
The creator is entitled to apply for registration of the layout-design at any time. In the case where the layout-design has been commercially exploited, an application for registration must however be filed within two (2) years as from the date of first commercial exploitation, whether within or outside the Kingdom.

A layout-design which has not been commercially exploited within fifteen (15) years as from the date of its creation is not eligible for protection in Thailand.

Entitled Applicant

A person who is entitled to apply for a layout-design protection in Thailand must have any of the following qualifications:
  • being of Thai nationality or being a legal entity having a principal office in Thailand;
  • being of a nationality of a country which is a member of the international convention or agreement for a layout-design protection to which Thailand is also a member; and
  • having a domicile or a place for carrying out a business relating to the creation of layout-designs or the production of integrated circuits in Thailand or in the country  mentioned under the previous bullet point.

Registration Procedure

The Layout-Design will be registered without being subject to any substantive examination.  The Registrar will examine as to the applicant’s qualification under Section 14 and the formality compliance under Section 15.  After registration, the layout-design will be open for public inspection.  Within one (1) year following the publication date, an interested person may file a request for cancellation of the registered layout-design which is not in compliance with the requirements set forth in Sections 14 or 15 with the Director-General of the Department of Intellectual Property.
The layout-design owner who disagrees with the Director-General’s decision is entitled to file an appeal to the Board within ninety (90) days from the date of receipt of the said decision.  Further, the layout-design holder if dissatisfied may challenge the Board’s decision by instituting a legal action with the Intellectual Property & International Trade Court within ninety (90) days as from the date of receipt of the decision.  If no appeal is made to the Court, the ruling of the Board will be deemed final.

Exclusive Rights of the Layout-design Owner

An owner of a registered layout-design shall have exclusive rights to perform the following acts:

  •  to reproduce the registered layout-design;
  • to import into Thailand, sell or distribute for commercial purpose the registered layout-design or integrated circuit in which the registered layout-design is incorporated or a product in which such integrated circuit is incorporated.

Exception to the Layout-Design Infringement

The Layout-Design of Integrated Circuit Protection Act prescribes certain acts that are not deemed to be an infringement of the layout-design owner’s exclusive rights, including:

  • reproduction of a registered layout-design for purpose of evaluation, analysis, research or education;
  • reproduction of a registered layout-design for the interest of oneself which is not for  commercial interest;
  • iimportation, sale or distribution of a registered layout-design lawfully acquired from the commercial exploitation of the layout-design owner.

Duration of Protection

A duration of protection for layout-design is ten (10) years commencing from the date of filing an application for registration or from the first commercial exploitation, whichever occurs first.  However, a protection shall not exceed fifteen (15) years after the creation of the layout-design.

Assignment/Licenses

An assignment or license of layout-design must be in writing and be officially registered.
The layout-design licensor may not impose any condition, restriction or royalty requirement as constituting unfair competition or not contrary to the provisions of the Unfair Contract Terms Act and the Trade Competition Act.
 
Author: Phatthrawat Nakaranuruck
 
You are here: Home OUR PUBLICATIONS Articles Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits